Understanding The Basics Of Mutation And Its Effects.

When looking to a person with a certain kind of disability or impairment, we usually ask why or how did he or she end up like that. It is confusing, yes, but it is not a reason to judge them or humiliate them without even knowing what exactly had happened. We only need to understand the basics of learning genetic mutation such us knowing 'what are the types of mutation' or 'what are its kinds?' but first we need to perceive what is the exact meaning of mutation.

What is Mutation?

https://youtu.be/9bWjuwTiYXI

Mutation is an indefinite alteration or a mistake that takes place in the DNA sequence that builds a gene that are most found in people. Also it is a vital ingredient for darwinism, a raw material of the divergence of genes. Mutation can only occur after the fertilization of the sperm and the egg cell. 

There are three main causes of genetic mutation: 

1. Low frequency owing to the chemical unreliability of pyrimidine and purine bases. 

2. A mistake during DNA replication. 

3. Environmental factors such as ultraviolet light and chemical carcinogens.

With these causes, we really need to learn how to protect and take care of our health especially if there is a baby in our womb. There are significant reasons of why we need to care for the babies, why? because we don't want our child to suffer.

What are the Types of Mutation?

• POINT MUTATION

          Types based on the base pair replacement: 

1. Transition Mutation
2. Transversion Mutation

     a. Silent Mutation

       b. Missense Mutation

     c.Nonsense Mutation

         

https://biologydictionary.net/frameshift-mutation/

• FRAMESHIFT MUTATION
• INSERTION

                                 
                                       https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insertion_(genetics)

• DELETION changes the number of DNA by deleting a base pair within a gene.

https://www.flickr.com/photos/yourgenome/26855221232

• DUPLICATION is a mutation that abnormally imitate a gene for one or more times.

 https://www.toppr.com/guides/biology/principles-of-inheritance-and-variation/mutation-and-chromosomal-disorder/

•   INVERSION undertakes the breakage and the reorganizing within a chromosome.

 Types:
1. Paracentric- it does not include the centromere and both breaks takes place in one arm of the chromosome.
2. Pericentric - it involves the centromere and the break takes place in both arms of the chromosome.

http://newcreationist.blogspot.com/2011/03/chromosomal-inversions-pericentric.html

• TRANSLOCATION is a type of mutation that occurs when a piece of a chromosome breaks apart and then attaches to another chromosome. 

                       http://www.ontrack-media.net/gateway/biology/g_bm2l3s3.html

 These kinds of mutations can lead to having disorders or impairments like Sickle-cell Disease, Cystic Fibrosis, Mitochondrial Disorders, Tay-Sachs Disease, Cri du Chat Syndrome, Down Syndrome and many more. It can also bring along the numerous cancerous cells that causes the death of thousands of people around the world. So instead of looking down to those people having those kinds of disability what if we help them by praying or make a program for them to benefit, only if you are capable of.